New York Nail Technician License Practice Test

What is the process during which cells absorb and store water, food, and oxygen called?

1. Catabolism

2. Metabolism

3. Anabolism

4. Decomposition

The correct answer is: Anabolism

The process of absorbing and storing water, food, and oxygen within cells is known as anabolism. This term refers specifically to the constructive phase of metabolism, where cells utilize energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones. During anabolism, essential cellular components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids are synthesized, enabling growth and repair of tissues. In contrast, catabolism relates to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. Metabolism encompasses both anabolic and catabolic processes but does not specifically focus solely on absorption and storage. Decomposition generally refers to the breakdown of organic matter, primarily in the context of environmental processes, which is not relevant to cellular function in terms of absorption and storage of nutrients. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping how cellular processes contribute to overall health and function.