What is the thin layer of skin at the base of the nail called?

The thin layer of skin at the base of the nail is known as the eponychium. This structure serves a protective function, covering and safeguarding the area where the nail plate begins to grow. The eponychium is often confused with the cuticle, but it is actually a distinct part of the nail anatomy. While the cuticle is the dead tissue that is shed at the base of the nail, the eponychium is live tissue that plays an essential role in preventing pathogens from entering the nail matrix.

The nail fold is the surrounding skin that encases the nail, providing additional protection alongside the eponychium. The lunula, on the other hand, is the visible part of the nail matrix and appears as a white crescent shape at the base of the nail. Understanding these anatomical differences is crucial for nail technicians, as proper identification and care of these structures are integral to maintaining nail health and aesthetics.