New York Nail Technician License Practice Test

What type of immunity is provided by antibodies remaining in the bloodstream after an initial disease?

1. Passive immunity

2. Artificially acquired immunity

3. Naturally acquired immunity

4. Innate immunity

The correct answer is: Naturally acquired immunity

The correct choice is based on the understanding of how the immune system develops resistance to diseases over time. Naturally acquired immunity refers to the protection that results from the infection of a pathogen, leading the body to produce specific antibodies against it. When an individual encounters a disease, such as through a virus or bacteria, the immune system responds by generating antibodies that remain in the bloodstream long after the initial infection has been cleared. This creates a memory of the pathogen, allowing the immune system to respond more effectively if the person is exposed to the same pathogen in the future. In contrast, passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, such as from mother to child through breast milk, and does not involve the formation of the recipient's antibodies. Artificially acquired immunity involves vaccination, where a weakened or inactive form of a virus is introduced to prompt an immune response without causing disease. Innate immunity refers to the initial, non-specific line of defense the body has against pathogens, which includes barriers like skin and mucous membranes, rather than the specific antibodies produced in response to an infection. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why naturally acquired immunity is the correct answer, as it specifically relates to antibodies formed following a natural infection.