New York Nail Technician License Practice Test

Which term describes the process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms?

1. Cleaning

2. Sanitation

3. Disinfection

4. Sterilization

The correct answer is: Sterilization

The process of making something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms is known as sterilization. This term specifically refers to the complete elimination of all microbial life, including bacterial spores, which are resistant forms of bacteria that can survive in extreme conditions. Sterilization is achieved through methods such as autoclaving, which uses steam under pressure, or other chemical agents that ensure that no viable microorganisms remain on the surface or in the material being treated. This is particularly crucial in settings where absolute cleanliness is essential, such as in medical environments or when preparing tools for procedures that require a high level of hygiene. In comparison, the other terms listed refer to different levels of cleanliness. Cleaning involves removing dirt and debris but does not kill microorganisms. Sanitation reduces the number of microorganisms to a safe level, and disinfection eliminates many, but not all, pathogenic microorganisms. Each term has its specific applications and is important in a broader hygiene context, but only sterilization guarantees complete eradication of all living microorganisms.